Manuela Consonni studied studied History of the British Labor Movement and Italian History under the guidance of Paolo Spriano, one of the most prominent Italian Marxist Historian at the University of Rome, La Sapienza, from 1985 to 1988. She made Aliya in 1988 and entered the Ph.D. Program at the Department of Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her Studies were interrupted for severe health reason. They renewed in 1998, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem at the Department of Contemporary Jewry, with a thesis on the History and the Memory of the Deportation and Extermination in Italy, 1945-1985, which was completed in 2003 with summa cum laude, under the supervision of Prof. David Bankier, and Prof. Sergio Della Pergola. The dissertation was revised in a manuscript which was published in 2010 by Magnes University Press by the title: Resistance or Shoah? The Memory of the Deportation and the extermination in Italy, 1945-1985. Between 1989-1998, Consonni taught at the Department of Italian Studies, and from 1998 until 2003 she taught at the Departments of Jewish History and of Contemporary Jewry several courses on Italian Modern Jewish History; on the Memory of the Holocaust and of the Resistance in Italy, in France and Belgium; on Historiography and on Methodology of the Historical Discipline....for further reading